Two-cycle internal combustion engine



Sept. 4, 1934. M. s. PETERSEN TWO-CYCLE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed April 7. 1932 5 Sheets-Sheet l HIS ATTORNEY Sept. 4, 1934. M. s. PETERSEN I TWO-CYCLE INTERNAL COMBUSTIONENGINE 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 INNR a HIS ATTORNEY BY QM Filed April 7, 1932 Sept. 4, 1934. M. s. PETERSEN TWO-CYCLE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR HIS ATTORNEY Sept. 4, 1934.

M. S. PETERSEN TWO-CYCLE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed April 7, 1932 INVENTOR HIS ATTORNEY p E M. s. PETERSEN 1,972,409

TWO-CYCLE INTERNAL'COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed April 7. 1932 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Q only; 6' f HIS ATTORNEY Patented Sept. 4, 1934 rwo erenn mmmn comnusrlon' enema .Ma x S. Petersen, New York, NY. Application April "I, 1 932,Serial No.6413,706

I 4431213315 (Cl..1 2351) The invention relates to certain improvements intwo cycle internal combustion motors havin opposedpi'stons operating in a commoncylinder,

the ,pistonshavin'g valves in their heads to conl-trol'the supply and exhaust to .and from the ex plo'sio'n chamber between the pistons, conduit members connected to .the respective headsof the cylinder and telescoping with the pistons to provide the inletand exhaust ofthe engine, each Ipis- I'ii ton'being provided with a cross head extendin through slots on opposite sides .ofthecylinder the respective cross Zheads' being connected .to .crank shafts mounted on opposite sides of the-cylinder and connected by gearing toacommon driven l5 shaftfif p The invention illustrated in the, accompanying drawings, which:;-

. Fighl 'i's a plan'view ofjan engine linvol'vtrig a singleflcylinder; the .dottedlines indicating fio -additional units. v

Fig. 2'is a side elevation. vFigeBfis an' end elevation. v

:Fig'. '6 is a section 'on line of-lli'g. =5. ,Fig. 1'? is a. section. on line .7.7.off.Fig. '5. Fig. S'isa' section on-line.8-.-i8 oflii'gj. rig; 9 is a perspective View ofioneof thepistons, SO -andf v H I [Figl I9 is.a perspective .viewofoneofthe cylinde'r heads 'with its. extensions adapted .'for telescopingconnection .with the piston. 1 Referring .to the drawings; .1 indicatesithe bed SS plateoi the engine providedtwith pedestals .3',.3

upon which are supportedside frames 4,. 4 between; which. the engine cylinder ".11 .mounted, the mounting being "conveniently effected by 5 means of pins 5, 5 extending fromith'eouter .walls id ot the cylinder, which pins are secured .t'olthe side name' 4;. iibvmeans oi caps .6, ,6.

lntermediatepedestals 2, 2T- serve .asIsupports on line 4-.4 of

for; the central pertions .oi. .the .side .frames 14, 4 and. are provided with bearings 7 .havingremovable caps 8,"in whichbearings one .of .the engine shafts is 'j'ournaled. The upper middle portions 01 'the'ff side frames are furnished with .j'Our-nal bearings 9fhaving 'caps' ,10,. in which hearings a q secondengine shaftis' journaled.

"The cylinder I1 is suitably waterjacketed and isprovid'ed' near its endsjlv'ith slots; 12, 12Zand' 1'2 12 on its. upper andilower 'sides,ias particularly illustratedfin Figs. 1, 4; and'fi, The ends of'the cylinder jare provided with heads :13'1'and 1.4; the

tarormer'mving associated "therewith a manifold 15,'whi'ch communicates with the supplyof air or of explosive mixture, which is supplied under pressure to'themanifoldby a blower .orthe like, as indicated generally in'Fig. 4. 'If the engineis of the type in which'theairand the fuel are admixed before delivery to "the cylinder, the mixture is delivered to the manifold; and, if the engine is of the Diesel or similar type, .air under pressureis' delivered to the manifold'and admixed with the run in the explosion chamber. The cylinder'head 14 is equipped with a hood or manifold 16, which communicates'with the. ultimate exhaust ofthe engine.

'Slidably mounted in the cylinder 11 are OPP-i my posedlpistons 20 and- 20', the headset which face 79 each other toward the middle ofthe cylinderand which heads, together with the mid section of the cylinder, constitute the combustion chamber;'the explosion causing the pistons to move outwardly in opposite directions in the cylinder. "The pistons .20 and 20". are provided at their. outer ends with cross .heads 21 and 2-1',1respectively, which extend transversely of the cylinder through the slots12,r12 and 12', 126, respectively, in which slotssaid' cross heads may be guided. Eachfcross head is formed of .radial arms which terminate in laterally deflected or inclined yokes, adapted .for connection with a corresponding crank shaft.

The radial arms serve .to guide v the pistons in straight line movements andavoid any twisting ortorsional. strains *on the pistons during thereciprocations of the latter. As indicated, cross head21 is connected to crank shaft 22 .bypitman 23 and to crankshaft 22' by .pitman 23".and, similarly,.cros's:head 21 is connected to .crank' shaft 90;

22 bypitman24 and to crank shaft 22 by ,pitmanfi24. The respectivecrank shaits'22 and 2 2. are mounted in transverse alignment with,the mid section of 'the cylinder .andlare connected to a .common driven Shari-.27 by gearing .25, 25 5 and 26,.asindicated in Fig. 3.

The supply of the air or the combustible .mix-,. ture to and the .exhaust of .the burned gases from the .combustion chamber is effected through valve. controlled ports in the piston heads. .As indi cated,.piston 20is formed as a hollow casting having an ax'ia1ly transverse septum or partition 33' provided .at its junction with thecylinder head withductsleadingto a centralport 30in the .piston'head, with which port-cooperatesa-valve 3.1, Y of 'the poppet type, "having. an elongated stem.32 mountedin an-axial boreinthepartition 33,the end-of the stem being providedwith-a helical spring34, .which: normally seats the valve. The end of the valve stem 32 is adapted to engage an abutment 36 disposed in the center of the cylinder head 13, which unseats the valve 31 just before the end of the power stroke of the piston 20 for the purpose of admitting the air or the explosive mixture to the explosion chamber. The piston 20 is similarly equipped with valve port in its head with which cooperates valve 31 having a stem 32 operating in the bore of the cross partition 33" and equipped with retractile spring 34' normally seating the valve, the end of the stem being adapted to engage an abutment 36 on cylinder head 14 to unseat the valve 31 to efiect the exhaust of the burned gases at the end of the power stoke. Each of the cylinder heads is suitev ably ported to permit the admission and exhaust of the fuel and the products of combustion, re spectively.

As indicated, the cross partitionin each piston divides the same into two ducts or semi-cylindrical passages, which communicate with the inlet port in one cylinder and the exhaust port in the other. Asshown' in Figs' 5,6 and'7, these"passages 35, in the piston 20 are adapted to receive with a telescoping tight fit two hollow semi cylindrical extensions 40 of the cylinder head 13, which are separated from each other by a space in which the cross partition 33 of 'thepiston telescopes. These extensions 40 constitute ducts com'muni cating with the' interior of the hollow piston and servingto connect the latter with the supply of air or explosive mixture by way of inlet ports 43 in the cylinder head. f

The piston 20' is provided with a similar arrangement of telescoping sleeve members 40 formed integrally with the cylinder head, 14 and communicating with. the exhaust through ports in said cylinderhead;

' h'owe'ven'the engine is to be operated by, premixed explosive charges admitted to the, combustion chamber asreferred to',' spark plugs of usual con- The engine, as described, maybe operated by premixed explosive charges which are admitted to the explosion chamber, compressed during the inward strokesof. thepistons' and fired at'the proper'time by a spark plug or equivalent ignition means; but the engine is especially adapted for" operation on the 'Diesel principle, in which case the fuelis, sprayed into the combustion chamber by suitable'nozzles 51 secured in openings 50 in the cylinder wall, preferably in the'arrangement shown in the patent to Junkers No. 1,127,772. If,

struction' for"eiifecti'ng the firing of the charges may'besubstituted for'the nozzles 51 in the said openings 50. I l l l The operation of the engine, asdescribed, is on the twocycleprinciple. As indicated 'iriFig. 4,

the" engine is shown with the parts in the relation they assume at the end of the suction stroke, with the two pistons attheir nearest point of approach,

170 themid'section of the cylinder and compress-j ing the air or the explosive mixture between them.v

When the compressed charge is'fired by anyfa propriate ignition means, not shown,.both cfJthe pistons are forced outwardly in opposite direc- ;.-tions in'the cylinder, thereby moving 'the respec "tive cross heads 21' and 21 and translating move- 7 ments thereof to the crank shafts 22 and22 and ultimatelyto the driven shaft 27. Just before piston 20' 'reachesthe end of its'power stroke, the end of valve 'stem 32 engages abutment 36' and "unseats exhaust valve 31 and permits the burned gases to escape through theexhaust ports in cylinder head 14 by way of ducts 40'. Shortly'thereafter; and'while the exhaust valve 31 is still main- 7 ,-;taind in its open or unseated position, the stem 32 oi the inlet valve 31 engages abutment 36 on the cylinder head 13, thereby unseating the valve and permitting the air or the explosive mixture, as the case may be, to enter the passages 35 in the piston by way of the telescoping ducts 40 of the inlet conduit connected with the cylinder head 13 and pass into the combustion chamber through the open port 30 in the head of piston 20, and this entering air or mixture being under pressure will eifectively scavengethe cylinder of burnt gases through the open exhaust port in cylinder head 14 by way of ducts 40'. Shortly after the pistons have begun the opposite or compression stroke,

the inlet andgexhaust valves 31 and 31' are closed by their springs and the explosive charge contained in the cylinder between the heads of the pistons compressed, ready to be fired,'when the pistonsreach theend of their inward or compression strokes.

It'will be noted that any suitable ignition means for the explosive mixture may be employed associated with'any proper timing mechanism and, as

thesejdevices are matters of common practice and inlet and exhaust valves in thepiston heads and the simple means employed for operating the valves obviates "the involved cam mechanism heretofore employed and also avoids the necessity of providing the side walls of the cylinder with operating valve ports, th e'only opening or'openings in saidside walls of the cylinder proper being to receive the spark plug, when the engine is used with the usual timed electric ignition system, or

to receive the'fuel spray nozzles when the engine is operated'on'the Diesel principle. The arrangement of the inlet and exhaust ducts formed in the two part sleeves telescoping 'With coordinate chambers formed in the pistons provides gastight inlet and exhaust connections that are not subject to undue'wear or impairment. The motor is particularly adapted to .assembly'in multiple units arranged in'parallel order, as diagrammatically indicated by dotted lines 'inFigs. 1 and3,

and each unit, 'consistingof relatively few and simple: parts may beconstructed and assembled, adjusted'and repaired at a minimum cost of labor and materials 'WhatI claimis:

1''; A two cycle-internal combustion engine, comprising a cylindermppos'edpistons therein'having valvesjintheir heads, means located within the cylinder for actuating thefvalves to control-the supply and exhaust respectively, said meansbeing effective to open the exhaust valve in'advance of supplying fuel and discharging the burned gases, and means connected with theouter ends of the pistons for converting the reciprocatory motions 1 of both pistons into'a unitaryrotary motion.

2. A two cycle internalfcombustion engine, comthe supply valve, means connected with the respective cylinderheads and with the pistonsfor prising a cylinder, opposedhollow pistons therein,

an inlet port in the head of one piston and an exhaust port in the head of the other piston, inlet and exhaust sleeves carried by the respective cylinder heads and telescoping with the pistons, valves cooperating with the inlet and exhaust ports having stems extending axially of the pistons, abutments on the cylinder heads cooperating with the valve stems to open the valves, springs for closing the valves, cross heads carried by the outer ends of the pistons and projecting through pairs of slots in the cylinder, crank shafts on opposite sides of the cylinder, and pitmen connecting the ends of each cross head with a crank shaft. 

